In earlier phases and activities one or more relevant reference models could have been presented in the engagement. They are used to speed up the process. The Business Analyst or Business Architect are likely to be aware of existing references models like e.g. an Insurance reference model or a Mortgage reference model as he/she is assumed to be knowledgeable in this field of expertise. It provides some help in determining the right granularity and depth of the As-Is models. A good example of a reference model is an industry collaboration model where it is indicated how the industry value chain is built up, what parties participate and how they collaborate. Examples can be found in the definition of working practices of international postal organisations.